Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

31/07/2023

https://espesl.journals.ekb.eg/article_326171_cd4b0a243e1167d369d44a5a72983211.pdf

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/07/2022

https://espesl.journals.ekb.eg/article_274567_8491ff463e776b8ef351ce9a4a09092d.pdf

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/04/2021

https://espesl.journals.ekb.eg/article_219270.html

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/07/2020

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/04/2019

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/04/2018

This paper deals with three axes. The first axis revolves around some ideas and theories related to the development and economic growth of the early thinkers. The second axis revolves around some modern concepts and theories in the development and economic growth and their application in Egypt. While the third axis revolves around boosting the economic development. The study noted that a new understanding with a new perspective on economic development of learners must be generated from the understanding of past decades of development. It also favors the aspirations of individuals to rise out of poverty through equitable employment opportunities, access to health, education and housing services, and thus, meet human needs.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

Zeinab Tawfik and others

01/02/2018

Targeting find in general the study of economic development irrigation system fields wheat, province of East and find out the size of the needs of the water of agriculture and annually in comparison with Egypt also estimate the amount of the loss of water resources and water use efficiency and irrigation by measuring the efficiency and productivity, economic, wheat study area in the light of irrigation systems developer and other parties developer and find out pure yield, serial schedule of his might adopts find in achieving goals on stylistic analysis scriping, numbering through exporters first major secondary data indicated newspapers annual published issued Ministry of agriculture land reclamation Ministry of water resources and irrigation Central mobilization and statistics, as well as some research and references to this topic of research, the source of the second that depends on the field of study conducted on samples Center husseiniya in sharqia largest two villages growing wheat irrigation system the surface of the developer (103 sample) village qahpona grown wheat irrigation system developer (40 sample) was between find that the needs of the water in Egypt in about (36.3Milliar m3 ) at the level of lugs three areas of the Republic of the three face Marine, Egypt, middle, upper Egypt while averaged need water province of East about (billion m3), and there is high and low level of the need for water during the previous years, it is likely to oscillation some of the change in the installation of crops, as well as factors climate different nature of the Earth and quality of the Exchange them as well agricultural areas results showed that the total loss of water for transmission and distribution of the water between mouthes channels field at the level of the Republic of about (m3) percent in the province of East for (m3) by% of total Republic, as estimated total loss transport and distribution between Aswan field all over (m3) by% of total loss at the level of the Republic of them (m3) by% have made it clear study estimate the levels of efficiency and productivity, economic and land that use irrigation developer compared irrigation is the developer province of East on wheat, as explained the study the most important variables influential in productivity acres wheat irrigation system developer and other parties developer the amount of water and costs of irrigation college in each of them with respect to estimate the statistical to prove production costs college wheat has agreed with the logic of economic and that he explained that the Volume who organizes yield estimated (ardebs) while the extent the size that the sub-par the average total costs minimum about (ardebs) to the agriculture substrate the basic

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/10/2017

The study sought to answer some of the inquiries relating to the role of the African Union to the Economic Development of the continent with taking Egypt and The COMESA countries as a model. The study came to a set of results, the most important of which is that what the African continent needs is a solution to its Economic problems, as the Continent has wealth that helps in the Economic integration but not exploited. Thus the African States became unable to achieve a degree of cooperation that supports Economic relations, as well as to the problem suffered by the Organization of African Unity will be suffered by the Union; hence, it is a must to reconsider the system of Economic groupings within the Continent like COMESA and other, leading to the creation of linkages between the Economic interests of The States of those groupings on the basis of complementarity bring added value to the grouping as well as to facilitate joint projects that brings benefit from the resources and wealth of those States, on condition that it is under a cultural umbrella reaffirms images of the peoples in those countries, creating a new vision based on the many common space areas, which means creating positive opportunities for members of the continent that can be achieved through which Developmental renaissance.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/12/2016

Still Education in the African Continent suffers Under development because of the exorbitant cost of Education systems as well as totally inadequate to the habits of African Society and its Traditions, even in 1980, only a few Countries on the Continent, such as the Congo, Madagascar and Togo were unable to universal primary Education, so the African Continent nations seem less Countries achieve the spread of Education despite the recognition, especially in Developing Countries that suffer limited Resources of its importance. Regular Education has passed in Cameroon several stations trip, the largest influencing the relay colonial eras, where he signed the country in the grip of the German colonizers and then the French and the British, although for Cameroon gained independence in 1961, but the education system which follows different ways, while follow in the east French model we find in the West based on the British model. Education did not start taking Nationalization of and meets the needs of the community are real only with an the First Republic in 1972, as the Education system has seen a lot of development began to shift gradually from the Central to the Decentralization and the Development of an Educational structure takes into account the local conditions and take from the experiences of Countries that have made Educational progress, also began transformation of Education for a fee to free Education compulsory until the age of 14, so it has become the issue of investment in Education and linking them to the Requirements of Economic Development at the center of Development thinking of the Republic of Cameroon.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

Zeinab Tawfik and others

01/08/2016

The study includes an introduction and four chapters, in addition to the findings and recommendations and references of the study. The first chapter provides an assessment of the capabilities of the Egyptian territory to accommodate the growing population who grow by about 2 million people per year with limited land, water scarcity, the impacts of the global warming and their impact on the sea level increase of the Mediterranean and Red sea, dilapidation of the delta and on agricultural production, the result of all this, which discloses itself in the disruption of Egyptian food security. The second chapter monitoring the most prominent signs of stress (fatigue) on the biological basis in Egypt, namely: disappearances of some river fish species with the increase in inland fisheries pollution (the main course of the river and its branches and internal lakes), encroachment on agricultural land for urban expansion, loss of surface soil due to the absence of Celtic material, Destroying of coral reefs and the disappearance of the fish in the Red Sea and climate change and its impact on biodiversity and finally the desertification. Chapter three deals with the fatigue on man-made urban environment signs, namely: population over increase above the level and size of the space, which leads to over expansion and swelling of the cities, increasing daily commuting time, the proliferation of marginal labor and the emergence of slums and distorted patterns of housing to accommodate the urban poor, and high levels of air pollution. Chapter four deals with how to reverse the trend and reshape life for sustainability by re-layout village and city to achieve life sustainability and adequate living conditions by laying the foundations of green economy, supporting green architecture, and the adoption of renewable green energy technologies with support for the role of local governments and non-governmental organizations.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/01/2016

The Study targeted identifies the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Trade as Indicators of Economic Growth on Environmental Pollution posed by the Carbon Dioxide Emissions with reference to the Egyptian Case, during 1990-1991 to 2013-2014. To achieve this aim have been some of what is stated in the review of Economic Thought next to recognize the Results of some Empirical Studies in this area. In order to verify the Study Hypothesis is that the International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Impact in increasing the Volume of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Egypt, have been the work of a linear Regression Model depending on the Method of Ordinary Least Squares, including the Values of each of: Exports; Imports; Foreign Direct Investment; Domestic Investment; the Size of the Population as independent Variables and the size of the Carbon Dioxide Emissions as the dependent Variable. Were verified Study Hypothesis has been proven that the Foreign Trade and Foreign Direct Investment have a Significant Effect Positive in increasing the Volume of Carbon Dioxide Emissions, when increase the Value of Exports by Unit of Carbon Dioxide Emissions increase than by 82 percent, and to increase Foreign Direct Investment by Unit of Carbon Dioxide Emissions increase than by 44 percent, and to increase the Value of Imports increased by one percent the size of Carbon Dioxide Emissions increase than by 24 percent.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/12/2015

The study aimed to clarifying the relationship between the volume of Government expenditure on Education and Economic Growth in Arab Republic of Egypt during the index of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the period 1990 - 2014, the study assumed the existence of a causal relationship between the volume of expenditure on Education and GDP. To achieve this some of literature and recognition of the results of some studies in this field have been reviewed and the most important determinants of the expenditure on Education. To verify the assumption of the study two statistical models: were made First linear measuring the impact of the volume of expenditure on Education with the variables of the Economic Study on GDP, and the second testing of the causal link of Granger, which measures the causal relationship between GDP and the volume of expenditure on Education, and GDP volume of expenditure on Education with the variables of the study, the statistical results using the linear model, which measures the impact of expenditures on Education with the variables of the study on the GDP in one direction that when the increase in expenditure on Education by the unit GDP increased by 0.56 this means that Economic Growth is linked to its ability to the preparation of the human resources development, public investments not accompanied by investment in Education has less impact in raising the rate of Economic Growth, Thus, the statistic analysis proved through testing Granger causality to the relation between the volume of expenditure on education and the gross domestic production, the existence of causal link between them which is in line with the assumption of the study.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/02/2015

The Study aimed recognize Views in the Form of the Relationship between Economic Growth and Equity in the Distribution of Income, and then test the Hypothesis Kuznets in the Distribution of Income and the Impact on Economic Growth in Egypt during the period from 1988- 1989 to 2013-2012. To achieve that have been some of the Literature Review and get to know some of the Results of applied Studies in this Area. It was clear from the Study Results that Kuznets Hypothesis is not considered a General Rule because of the different Policies pursued by each Country in the Income Distribution Process, and that, although the Egyptian Economy was growing relatively high rates during the study period, however, the distribution of Income in this period has been uneven, which means the Pattern of Economic Growth in Egypt did not lead to lower Inequality in Income distribution over the past 25 years, which represents the Study period where the Gini index for Egypt ranged between 0.30, 0.45, and low Gini index or height does not affect the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) depending on the Model where the Estimated Results Indicate a lack Significant of this variable with GDP. Therefore, the Study recommended an Increase of the State's Efforts in the fight against Poverty and the low level of Access among Vulnerable Groups such as Children and the Elderly by Eliminating the Phenomenon of Street Children through training and rehabilitation, Education and Social Security Grants for the poor pensions, along with work to Increase Spending on Education as a percentage of GDP because that leads to the Accumulation of Human Capital, which is a key factor for Economic Growth through Increased Government Spending on the Education of the poor Showing in this Case the Equitable Distribution of Incomes, and work to Increase the Coverage of Health Services with Efficiency and Accessibility.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/12/2014

The study aimed to assess the impact of the change in the Exchange Rate on Economic Growth in Egypt, during 1990-1991 to 2012-2013. To achieve this goal, a review of literature covering the results of the applied studies was conducted. The findings of the review showed that the measure of exchange rate is unclear with respect to concepts or applications. This is due to the large number and variety of the exchange rates which result from the varying analytical frameworks that suit different situations. With this end in view, the change in the exchange rate, along with a number of Economic variables was measured to assess the impact. In view of the level of significance of regression transactions shows that: Final consumption increased by one million pounds lead to an increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of about 0.71 million Pounds on average, while Exports to increase by one million pounds will lead to an increase in GDP of about 3.2 million pounds on average, while imports increased by one million pounds lead to a decrease in GDP of about 0.72 million pounds on average, and that the value of GDP in time (t-1) affects up to 94 percent of the value of GDP in time (t), and decreases the real exchange rate against the dollar by one percent would lead to an increase in GDP of about 17 million pounds; therefore, the more variables that impact on the trends in GDP is the consumer spending; exports; imports; Finally, the real exchange rate against the dollar.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/01/2014

The study aims to evaluate the impact of tourism on economic growth in Egypt, during the period from 1983 to 2009. After reviewing some of the literature and applied studies on this topic, the study evaluated the impact of tourism revenues on economic growth by examining the impact of these revenues on GDP as an indicator of economic growth, along with their impact on some other economic variables such as employment, and the balance of trade. The study showed a positive correlation between the growth of the tourism sector and increase in employment opportunities, not only in the hotel sector, but in many areas related to tourism activities, due to Backward and Forward linkages between this activity and other economic activities, as well as the existence of a significant positive relationship between tourism revenues and the gross domestic product (GDP), On the other hand the study showed that there is an inverse relationship between the GDP and the degree of openness to the outside world measured by the trade balance. The study further showed an insignificant direct correlation between economic and political stability and security and GDP, therefore, any increase in tourism revenues will lead to the improvement of the GDP. The study estimated that future revenues from tourism will show an increase within the next five years from the end of the study period (2010-2014), leading to an increase in GDP under the condition of economic, political stability and security.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/01/2013

The importance of economic development for the countries of the African continent in view of the suffering of the problems in all fields, especially the economic sphere, and it appears that in many of the indicators, such as: the low rate of economic growth; Hence, the low average income of individuals, and the low level of education and health and social care, also exacerbate debt, and the degradation of agricultural and industrial production, etc., making the continent characterized by properties characteristic pattern of the economy backward, which represents a logical extension of the legacy of colonial rule, and so was the performance of African governments in the field of economic development has been disappointing over the post-independence period, although the African continent rich in many riches mineral and natural resources. Policies of development pursued by most political systems African different beliefs ideology, gave way to the imposition of economic reforms sharp proposed World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the so-called program of economic reform and structural adjustment which results were negative, prompting the African countries to establish the African Union, which provides its law founding the unity and integration of the African continent and its development. The research was derived its importance from the fact that Egypt, one of the members of the African Union, and it will return the issue of regional integration and thus economic development, where the African Union is based mainly on the idea of regional groupings, during the period 1998 - 2012. For the approach to the user, has used the descriptive and analytical study of reality and expectations of the African Union in the field of economic development, try to answer some of the questions most importantly you helped the African Union in achieving economic development on the continent, and the main challenges offset to achieve the hopes for the continent and how to meet these challenges, and finally the extent to which Egypt from one of the main economic groupings of the African Union COMESA example, during the three sections. Includes a first section of the theoretical framework of the African Union, where upbringing in the context of theories of integration and the objectives and the challenges it faces and how to overcome them and addresses the second section attempts to economic development in the African continent, and the third section deals with the framework applied and is in Africa and Egypt with the COMESA in terms of the degree of correlation in the evolution time between GDP and Egypt's imports and exports to COMESA

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/01/2011

This research aims to identify the developmental impact of Foreign Direct Investment in Egypt during the period from 1983 to 2009. To achieve this goal have been reviewed literature on this subject, as well as the conclusions of several relevant applied studies on the impact of this type of investment on economic growth, and the causal relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Gross Domestic Product were used. In light of the relevant past studies and the conclusions of several applied studies, the overall impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Gross Domestic Product, as well as on the economic sectors, was measured by estimating the function of Gross Domestic Product. The results showed the rising importance of the role of Foreign Direct Investment as a determinant of economic growth in Egypt, along with other variables such as domestic investment, the value of total imports, the total number of employees in the state, the value of total exports, in addition the volume of public spending, Interest rate and Gross Domestic Product for the previous year. The results also showed that the impact of Foreign Direct Investment varied from one sector to another, due to the fact that the value-added of some sectors (such as the industrial sector) were higher than in others, in addition to other results.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/01/2009

Shown interest in this research study to clarify the dimensions of the customs tax, and the extent of their contribution to the economic reform programs in Egypt, where the impact of customs duties in the field of foreign trade, given their association with movement of trade exchange of goods, particularly in developing countries, including Egypt. In view of its duty to play effective role in achieving the goals of economic development and to correct the imbalance in the balance of payments during the early stages of development.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/01/2008

Address this research e-learning in Egypt in terms of what it is, its requirements and its most important applications, and addressing its development in the Egyptian schools in terms of the evolution of the computer in the governorates of the Republic, the concern for the development of infrastructure for information networks, and training on the use of information systems and technology for the cadres and the creation of society to cope with innovations of the age and through: the activation of cooperation protocols between the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, and continued development of scientific programs and training curricula and teaching methods through the integration of curriculum and the use of the Internet. And then; identify the most important economic effects of direct and indirect to the kind of education.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/01/2007

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Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/01/2007

This study was a contribution to fill the gap in per capita consumption of protein, Egyptian and, therefore, focused on assessing the economic efficiency of egg production, study has shown that the most important factors affecting the egg production is the amount of the eastern province of feed used during the production cycle, as well as efficiency indicators were discussed Economic egg production during the different productive capacities to choose the most appropriate. This study was a contribution to fill the gap in per capita consumption of protein, Egyptian and, therefore, focused on assessing the economic efficiency of egg production, study has shown that the most important factors affecting the egg production is the amount of the eastern province of feed used during the production cycle, as well as efficiency indicators were discussed Economic egg production during the different productive capacities to choose the most appropriate. This study was a contribution to fill the gap in per capita consumption of protein, Egyptian and, therefore, focused on assessing the economic efficiency of egg production, study has shown that the most important factors affecting the egg production is the amount of the eastern province of feed used during the production cycle, as well as efficiency indicators were discussed Economic egg production during the different productive capacities to choose the most appropriate.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/01/2007

Due to the impact of globalization on higher education and its requirements, and its properties, and the emphasis on quality, on the one hand, and the impact on economic development on the other hand, research has proven the existence of a close relationship and interaction between education and economic development and economic growth rates, however you should review the expenditure on education in general and higher education in particular and the restructuring of its budget. This research and recommends re-consideration of the decisions and goals of higher education and the development of higher education institutions to respond to economic developments, political, social and technological innovations and scientific progress in various areas of life.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/01/2006

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Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/01/2006

This includes the search several directions including: trends of economic reform in Egypt and the Egyptian Stock Exchange and the role of economic importance with respect to securities, the most important factors affecting the stability of the stock market such as: political turmoil, and scientific discoveries, and speculation, and inflation. As well as recognition-oriented foreign investment to the Egyptian market, whether foreign investment, direct or indirect foreign investment in securities, and Olney increased in the years following the introduction of electronic trading, and by foreign investors and is shown in the analysis of the movement transactions in the stock market buying and selling through years from 1997 the date of establishment of Misr Company for Clearing, Settlement until 2005. And which proved their presence across most economic sectors, which represents the main determinant of dealing bourse's ups and downs.

Zeinab Tawfik El Sayed Ahmed Elewa

01/01/2006

Given the need to renew the educational system, through the adoption of policies and several models for tertiary education, based on certain concepts as internationality knowledge and, since the constitutions of the Arab expressly provides free education, the situation seems difficult for leaders of high quality higher education. Therefore, the Arab countries tended to look for other sources of funding to supplement the financing of university government, such as: the trend to encourage the private sector has also increased the proportion of budgets allocated to higher education. As well as providing legislative and regulatory frameworks for the care of different types of education such as open learning, distance education, E-learning… and so on.